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Characterization at Catania Unit

The Catania Unit has a consolidated tradition in optical, compositional, structural, morphological characterizations of thin films and nanomaterials due to the high-level expertise and top of the art instrumentation available in its laboratories. Particular attention is devoted to the characterization of nanomaterials, such as nanocrystals, amorphous nanoclusters, graphene, nanowires, quantum wells, both of the metallic and semiconductor nature and to the understanding of the correlations between structural, optical and electrical properties. The combination of different structures and materials gives rise to a multitude of properties applicable in many fields ranging from sensing to energy and photocatalysis and many others.

 

Contact person: Francesco Ruffino(francesco.ruffino@ct.infn.it)

 

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Contact person: Dr. S. Boninelli, simona.boninelli@ct.infn.it
Technician: C. Percolla, carmelo.percolla@imm.cnr.it

30 kV Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Carl Zeiss SUPRA™ 25 with the following specifications:

  • Equipped with EDAX Energy Dispersive X-Rays (EDX) detector
  • Equipped with a Gemini multi-mode scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) detection system
  • Equipped with a Gatan MonoCL4™ system for cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy
  • SEM resolution: 1.7 nm at 15 kV, 3.5 nm at 1 kV
  • Acceleration Voltage: 0.5-30 kV
  • Probe current: 4 pA-10 nA
  • Detectors: High efficiency In-lens detector, Secondary electrons detector, STEM detector, EDX microanalysis detector for imaging/mapping and X-Rays Spectroscopy, CL system for Panchromatic and Monochromatic imaging and Spectroscopy (Spectral response 185- 850 nm)
  • Typologies of samples: thin films, powders

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Costs: to be defined on the basis of amount and type of measurements.

    ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE

    Contact person: Prof. F. Ruffino, francesco.ruffino@ct.infn.it

    Bruker INNOVA Atomic Force Microscopy with the following specifications:

    • Closed-Loop Scanner: XY > 90 µm, Z > 7.5 µm
    • Open-Loop Scanner: XY > 5 µm, Z > 1.5 µm
    • Sample size: X-45 mm x Y-45 mm x Z-18 mm
    • Motorized Z Axis Stage: Z Travel: 18mm
    • Optics: Camera: on-axis color CCD with motorized zoom
    • Field of view: 1.25mm - 0.25mm (motorized zoom, with 10x objective)
    • Resolution: <2 µm with standard 10x objective (0.75 µm with 50X)
    • Electronics: 20-bit DAC control, 100 kHz ±10v ADCs, digital feedback
    • System software: SPMLa v7 for data acquisition & analysis
    • Equipped to perform conductive measurements
    • Typologies of samples: ideal for applications such as surface studies in materials science, characterization of polymers, biomolecules, and semiconductors, and nanomanipulation and nanolithography

    Representative papers:

    • Applied Surface Science 529 (2020) 147142
    • Scientific Reports 8 (2018) 5001
    • Superlattices and Microstructures 113 (2018) 430

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Free of costs.

    SCANNING TUNNELLING MICROSCOPE

    Contact person: Prof. F. Ruffino, francesco.ruffino@ct.infn.it

    Nanosurf easyScan2 STM with the following specifications:

    • Maximum Scan Range: 500 nm
    • Maximum Z-Range: 200 nm
    • Current set point : 0.1-100 nA in 25 pA steps
    • Tip voltage: ± 10 V in 5mV steps
    • Tip sample approach: Stick-slip piezo motor
    • Sample size: max 10 mm diameter
    • Modes of operation: constant current mode and constant height mode

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; free of costs.

    PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AND ELECTROLUMINESCENCE

    Contact person: Dr. G. Franzò, giorgia.franzo@ct.infn.it

    Home-assembled system for photo- and electro-luminescence measurements on thin films, liquids and powders. It is equipped with different excitation continuum laser sources:

    • HeCd (325 nm)
    • Ar (different lines in the 457-514.5 nm range)
    • Ti-sapphire (tunable In the wavelength range 700-1000 nm) and different devices for the detection of the luminescence signal
    • Hamamatsu photomultiplier tube for the UV and visible region
    • Infrared extended Hamamatsu photomultiplier
    • Ge detector for the near infrared region (from 800 to 1700 nm)
    • Hamamatsu InAs detector and Judson Technologies InSb detector for the infrared region (up to 3500 nm and 5500 nm, respectively)
    • A system for time-resolved measurements using an acousto-optic modulator to modulate the laser and a Stanford Research multichannel scaler to acquire the signal with a time resolution of about 30 ns
    • A system for time-resolved photoluminescence measurements formed by an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a ns Nd:YAG laser, a spectrograph with an intensified CCD and a linear InGaAs detector. With this setup it is possible to measure PL spectra by tuning the excitation wavelength in the 200-2000 nm range and to perform time resolved PL measurements with a time resolution of 10 ns
    • An Oxford closed cycle He cryostat for low temperature measurements down to 10 K
    • Different power supplies (both continuous and pulsed) for electroluminescence measurements
    • Best suited (however, not limited to), due to ultra-decennial expertise, for silicon-based photonics

    Representative papers:

    • Advancde Optical Materials 8 (2020) 2001070
    • RSC Advances 6 (2016) 73170
    • Applied Physics Express 7 (2014) 012601

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Costs to be defined on the basis of amount and type of measurements.

    UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTEMETER

    Contact person: Dr. G. Impellizzeri, giuliana.impellizzeri@ct.infn.it
    Technician: G. Panté, giuseppe.Panté@ct.infn.it

    UV-Vis Spectrophotometer LAMBDA 45 (Perkin Elmer) with the following specifications:

    • Equipped with an halogen lamp for measurements in the VIS region and a deuterium lamp for measurements in the UV region
    • Operates in a range of 190 - 1100 nm with a resolution of ± 0.1 nm
    • Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) A
    • The bandwidth is in the range of 0.5 - 4 nm, with a speed scan between 7.5 and 2880 nm/min
    • Measurements on liquids samples, regulatory tests requiring variable resolution, and highly light-scattering samples
    • An additional pre-monochromator reduces stray light by a factor of 2, providing optimum performance for turbid and light-scattering samples, such as some biological solutions and suspensions
    • Can operate in scanning mode, wavelength program, time-drive, rate, quant and scanning quant
    • It is particularly suited to investigate the photocatalytic properties of nanostructures by the degradation of organic dyes and DNA/RNA analysis, the detection of biomolecules and to evaluate the concentration of bacterial samples

    Representative papers:

    • Applied Catalysis B 238 (2018) 509
    • Chemical Engineering Journal 379 (2020) 122309
    • Scientific Reports 9 (2019) 974

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Costs (indicative): € 250.

    IR SPECTROPHOTEMETER

    Contact person: Dr. G. Impellizzeri, giuliana.impellizzeri@ct.infn.it
    Technician: G. Panté, giuseppe.Panté@ct.infn.it

    Jasco FT-IR 4700 Spectrophotometer with the following specifications:

    • Equipped with ATR-IR accessories
    • Equipped for specular reflectance measurements
    • Equipped for diffused reflectance measurements

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Costs (indicative): € 300.

    SOLAR SIMULATOR

    Contact person: Dr. G. Impellizzeri, giuliana.impellizzeri@ct.infn.it
    Technician: G. Panté, giuseppe.Panté@ct.infn.it

    Solar simulator ORIEL LSS-7120 (Newport) with the following specifications:

    • Maximum irradiance: 100 mW/cm2
    • Independent control of the bands
    • Inhomogeneity <2%

    Representative papers:

    • Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 112 (2020) 105019
    • RSC Advances 9 (2019) 30182

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Costs (indicative): € 250.

    UV-LED LAMP

    Contact person: Dr. G. Impellizzeri, giuliana.impellizzeri@ct.infn.it
    Technician: G. Panté, giuseppe.Panté@ct.infn.it

    UV-LED LAMP (Uwave) with the following specifications:

    • Peak centered at 365 nm
    • Irradiance can be changed from 15 to 250 mW/cm2
    • Inhomogeneity<1.8%

    Representative papers:

    • ACS Applied Bio Materials 3 (2020) 4417
    • Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 118 (2020) 105214

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Costs (indicative): € 230.

    CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

    Contact person: Dr. G. Impellizzeri, giuliana.impellizzeri@ct.infn.it
    Technician: G. Panté, giuseppe.Panté@ct.infn.it

    Optical contact angle measurement system OCA 15PRO (Dataphysics) with the following specifications:

    • Sample table can slide freely in X- and Y-direction and is locked into position with its switchable magnetic base
    • In Z-direction the sample table is adjustable using precision mechanics with a hand wheel

    Representative papers:

    • RSC Advances 8 (2018) 521
    • Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A 332 (2017) 497

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Costs (indicative): € 230.

    SURFACE AREA AND POROSITY ANALYZER

    Contact person: Dr. G. Impellizzeri, giuliana.impellizzeri@ct.infn.it
    Technician: G. Panté, giuseppe.Panté@ct.infn.it

    Surface area and porosity analyser Tristar II (Micrometrics) with the following specifications:

    • Sample need to be in powder form
    • Can measure surface areas as low as 0.01 m2/g
    • Accommodates analysis with a variety of adsorbates including argon, carbon dioxide, and other noncorrosive gases such as butane, methane, and other light hydrocarbons

    Representative papers:

    • Chemical Engineering Journal 379 (2020) 122309
    • Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A 380 (2019) 111872
    • Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 112 (2020) 105019

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Costs (indicative): € 350.

    TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON ANALYZER

    Contact person: Dr. G. Impellizzeri, giuliana.impellizzeri@ct.infn.it
    Technician: G. Panté, giuseppe.Panté@ct.infn.it

    Total organic carbon analyser TOC LCSH (Shimadzu) with the following specifications:

    • Equipped with micro-sampling system for the analysis of small volumes of solution

    Representative papers:

    • Catalysis Today 321-322 (2019) 146
    • Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A 380 (2019) 111872
    • RSC Advances 9 (2019) 30182

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Costs (indicative): € 260.

    Ellipsometer

    Contact person: Dr. G. Impellizzeri, giuliana.impellizzeri@ct.infn.it
    Technician: G. Panté, giuseppe.Panté@ct.infn.it

    M-2000 spectroscopic ellipsometer (Woollam) with the following specifications:

    • Advanced optical design, wide spectral range, and fast data acquisition
    • Measurements cover the spectral range from deep ultraviolet (193 nm) to near infrared (1690 nm)
    • The use of a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) detector allows simultaneous measurement of hundreds of wavelengths
    • The system is also equipped with an automatic mapping stage, able to automatically mapping films up to 8" in diameter
    • It is commonly used to measure thin film thickness and optical constants of materials. It is sensitive to less than a monolayer of material (sub-nm) on a surface

    Representative papers:

    • Applied Catalysis B 196 (2016) 68
    • ACS Applied Bio Materials 3 (2020) 4417
    • ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 10 (2018) 40100

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; Costs to be defined on the basis of amount and type of measurements.

    POTENTIOSTAT

    Contact person: Prof. S. Mirabella, salvo.mirabella@dfa.unict.it

    PAR Potentiostat with the following specifications:

    • Possibility of cyclic voltammetry measurements
    • Possibility of electrochemical impedance measurements
    • Possibility of stripping voltammetry
    • Possibility of coulometry

    Representative papers:

    • ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 12 (2020) 50143
    • Scientific Reports 9 (2019) 7736
    • Materials Advances 1 (2020) 1971

    Access to research institutions and industries extern to CNR: Yes; free of costs.